In addition, the carbon in fossil fuels is transformed into carbon dioxide, which increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to aggravation of the greenhouse effect, changing the global climate, and breaking the ecological balance ( Arenas-López and Badaoui, 2020). Fossil fuels gradually formed in nature over millions of years may be entirely exhausted by humans within a few hundred years ( Baz et al., 2021). However, fossil fuel reserves are limited. Traditional fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) have been widely used in almost all areas of daily life. With the continuous growth of the population and the rapid development of the global economy, energy demand is also increasing. In recent years, the energy crisis has become a worldwide problem faced by humankind. Wind energy assessment should consider local geographical elements, such as local climate, topography, and thermal properties difference between the land and the sea, and focus on long-term variations in wind characteristics.Įnergy is a necessary material basis for the survival and development of human society. The characteristics of wind speed distribution are constantly varying geographically and temporally. This paper discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Previous studies have selected several parameter estimation methods and evaluation criteria to estimate model parameters and evaluate the goodness-of-fit. All potential wind speed distribution models should be considered for modeling wind speed data at a particular site. This paper reviews the wind speed distribution models used for wind energy assessment, and they are applicable to different wind regimes. The wind speed distribution at a specific location determines the available wind energy. Assessing the characteristics and potential of wind energy is the first step in the effective development of wind energy. The use of wind power is very environmentally friendly and plays a critical role in economic growth. In recent years, wind energy has been developed as an essential renewable energy source. Renewable energy is inexhaustible and causes little pollution, which has broad prospects for development. With economic development and population growth, energy demand has shown an upward trend. 2College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China.1School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China.Huanyu Shi 1, Zhibao Dong 1*, Nan Xiao 1,2* and Qinni Huang 1
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